In the context of aging, the transformation of economic development mode in China leads to hot debate. Based on the demand efficacy mode of the aging ratio of population and childage dependency ratio(CDR), the paper analyzes the impact of population factor on structure. Then, it uses SystemGeneralized Method of Moments(SYSGMM)and data collected from 1989 to 2013 in China to empirically test the impact of aging on Chinas industrial structure from the perspective of industrial structure rationality and improvement. The results show that aging is beneficial to industrial structure rationality and does harm to industrial structure improvement. By means of controlling various variables, including economy, system and population, the findings remain robust.