In order to demonstrate Chinas position on the green construction of “The Belt and Road Initiative” and to guide and manage environmental and social matters concerned, the paper formulates the environmental and social policy framework which not only accords with the international concept of sustainable development but also agrees with the realistic demand of developing nations along “The Belt and Road Initiative” on the basis of policies comparison, cases analysis and experts discussion. The policy framework puts forward the principles which the green construction of “The Belt and Road Initiative” 〖JP3〗should follow. Such principles include sustainable development, risk prevention, keeping pace with international standards, equal consultation, achievements sharing and information disclosure. The policy framework covers the elements of natural resource conservation and〖JP〗 pollution prevention, ecosystem and biodiversity conservation, climate change, environmental health and labor protection, nature and culture heritage protection, land expropriation and involuntary resettlement, local development, the underprivileged protection and environmental and social responsibility system. To facilitate the implementation of the policy framework, all participants such as Chinese governments, financial institutions, enterprises, nongovernmental organizations and the media have their own role and position and should mutually cooperate and jointly make efforts.