The construction of the Yangtze River economic belt has been included in the national strategy. Improving the industrial environmental efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is an important way to avoid pollution transfer and promote regional sustainable development. Based on superefficiency DEA model, the paper takes 11 provinces and cities of the Yangtze River Economic Zone as the research objects and evaluates the industrial environmental efficiency of the provinces and cities from 2005 to 2014.Malmqusit is used to compare the industrial environmental efficiency and Tobit Model is adopted to discuss the external factors of industrial environmental efficiency. The empirical results show that the overall industrial environmental efficiency level is high from 2005 to 2014, but there is still a gap between the regions, among which the environmental efficiency value of Shanghai and Jiangsu is higher while the value is lower in Sichuan and Hubei. The TFP of the growth rate of total factor environmental efficiency in 11 provinces and cities is greater than 1 and the technological progress is the main factor of the industrial environmental efficiency change. Industrial structure, foreign investment and environmental regulation have a positive effect on industrial environmental efficiency, and population density has a negative impact on industrial environmental efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of regional industrial environment, the government needs to adjust the industrial structure, strengthen environmental control, introduce advanced technology, and alleviate the contradictions among people, land and regional differences.