Based on data or material, poverty alleviation and development in all aspects is in accordance with policies and regulations in the process of poverty alleviation of existing reservoir resettlement community. And poverty alleviation has made important achievements, more perfect in form. However, the signs of the primary practice show that the formal rationality does not make the real reservoir poor migrants be access to poverty alleviation resources. Their selfdevelopment ability has not been greatly improved. In the context of instant, high intensity of poverty alleviation policies, poor migrants can temporarily get rid of poverty, but in the long term there is still poverty risk. The key to getting rid of poverty is to improve the selfdevelopment ability of poor migrants. Therefore, it is necessary to change the pursuit of formal rationality of the normal condition. By means of the targeted poverty alleviation, it is possible to implement the policy in practice to help poor migrants really get rid of poverty. Then, the change from formal rationality to substantive rationality is available. Through policy improvement, it is possible to prevent privileged elite migrants from occupying resources to promote the sound development of the resettlement community and then help poor migrants have selfdevelopment ability to completely get rid of poverty.