The innovation of antipoverty governance system is not only for the livelihood improvement of the underprivileged, but also for the innovation of the national governance system. China’s antipoverty governance changes from temporary, projectoriented governance to institutional governance. In order to improve the performance of antipoverty, Chinese government has made numerous innovations in the governance of antipoverty system. Four innovations are of great significance to the national governance system. The first one is the movingdown governance center. The second one is the formation of collaborative governance framework. The third one is the involvement of different stakeholders, including the [JP3]underprivileged, community organizations, cooperatives, [JP]the third party organizations and business entities. The last one is the diversification of governance instruments, measures and tools. Diversified governance instruments are implemented and are combined with time and space. At the same time, there are still some potentials to be explored and improved, such as the improvement of autonomous ability of administrative village, the sustainability and replicability of the innovation system, the improvement of endogenous power,the balance between commercial interests and the effectiveness of poverty alleviation and the perfection of policy implement.