Environmental monitoring system is the subject of environmental monitoring and management of the main body and the implementation of the main body of the legal system and norms of the general term,Japan has long established a complete system of environmental monitoring, after years of practice, its successful system practice has become a national law:A model of civilization. Through the investigation of the subject system and the background of the environmental monitoring system in China and Japan,the advanced nature of Japan in the main body of environmental monitoring system can be found. Based on Chinas the successful experience of Japan, it then proposes China's environmental monitoring system reform direction: by straightening out the relationship between horizontal departments and clear vertical government monitoring authority to establish a unified monitoring and management system; development of the main body of the reform direction and the establishment of a complete third-party environmental monitoring system as the focus of the system to promote the development of third-party monitoring the main body to create a system environment; relying on self-monitoring system to improve and learn from self-monitoring internal supervision system to reform their own monitoring system ; with strict implementation of environmental monitoring data fraud and the main body of the legal responsibility to strengthen the management of the monitoring staff to pay attention to the responsibility to monitor the main body of the responsibility.