As a significant component of Xi Jinping’s thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the new era, Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization has its rigorous generative logic. The inheritance and development of Marx and Engels’s view of ecological civilization is its theoretical logic. The transcendence of ecological wisdom of excellent Chinese traditional cultures is its cultural logic. The inheritance and exploration of Chinese communists’ thought on ecological civilization is its historical logic. In his personal development, Xi Jinping keeps exploring ecological civilization, which forms its practical logic. The profound summarization of the experience in ecological governance of socialism with Chinese characteristics is its social logic. Therefore, indepth study of the logic in the generation of Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization may help to systematically understand the background and value of the generation of the thought. At the same time, such study provides fundamental rules and scientific guidance for promoting ecological governance in China and resolving global ecological crises.