The poverty of the elderly is becoming the focus and difficulty of the society in the context of aging trend and targetedpoverty alleviation. Identifying and alleviating poverty of the elderly is the symbol of social civilization. Based on the Multidimensional Poverty Theory, this paper uses AlkireFoster method, analyses the elderly in 11 provinces by measurement from seven dimensions which include income, house security, state of health, pension service, capability approach, social participation and mental condition according to the data of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2014(CLASS). The study shows that income is not the only cause of poverty among the elderly. With the increase of dimensions, the scale of poverty among the elderly increases and the degree of poverty deepens; The multidimensional poverty gap between urban and rural areas is large. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the multidimensional identification and measurement of the poverty in the elderly and provide diversified assistance measures such as “problem response” or “demand response” to different types to build a multiagent, classified and hierarchical support network and guarantee system.