To promote the benign interaction between the state and society is an important viewpoint to accurately understand the nature and value of public participation. In the practice of socialist political life with Chinese characteristics, the finiteness and limitation of public participation capacity, the randomness and emotionality of public participation, excessive and low degree of public participation are the realistic dilemmas of orderly public participation. The imbalanced tension between public power and civil rights, the inner circle of private preference and public preference, the realistic challenge of social transformation and democratic appeal are the reasons for the current dilemmas of orderly public participation. To improve orderly public participation in socialism with Chinese characteristics, we should promote benefit sharing and strengthen the foundation of people’s livelihood to enhance people’s power of public participation, promote institutional justice and enhance the normalization of public participation based on intuitional supply, improve social support and enhance the organizational support of public participation by relying on social organizations, and cultivate subject quality and improve the civilization level of public participation by relying on practice consciousness .