以保护地役权实现国家公园多层面空间统一管控
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D923.2;X36

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中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所科研启动项目“基于保护地役权的国家公园社区参与保护的机制构建”


Realization of Multifaceted Spatial Control of National Park Through Conservation Easement
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    摘要:

    国家公园从本质上是一种新的国土空间管理形式,但在中国要实现其管理目标面临“人、地”约束。为此,可以从自然生态、社会经济与社会—生态系统3个层面,分别识别国家公园的生态边界、生产边界与管理边界。保护地役权仅限制影响具体保护目标实现的集体土地的利用方式,而避免影响其他收益行为,这一“非占有性”特征使其契合多层面管理模式,因此有望克服“人、地”约束,实现国家公园以生态完整性保护为目标兼顾社区发展的土地利用空间统一管控。以武夷山国家公园为例,利用空间分析技术,以常绿阔叶林生态系统为保护对象,以维持群落动态与正向演替为保护目标,分析包括以茶树种植为主要生产方式的社区的空间差异化保护需求与管理方式。分析发现不同地形与生物因素下,茶山需要差异化管理:基于社会—生态系统层面空间管控的保护地役权制度,能够解决社区土地权属复杂与生计的自然依赖性强等问题,可以打破模式化的功能区划在空间上表现出的完整边界,从而更精准地匹配社区行为与保护需求,统筹协调利益相关方的需求,实现空间统一管控并进而实现管理目标。

    Abstract:

    National park is a new form of space management in essence, facing the constraint of “human and land” to achieve the goal in China. This paper proposes a multifaceted spatial regulation system to promote the space management. From the three aspects of the ecosystem, socioeconomic system and socialecological system, the ecological boundary, production boundary and management boundary can be identified accordingly. Conservation easement as an institution is nonpossessive, which only restrains certain land use without affecting other activities in the collectively owned land. This feature makes it fit the spatial regulation framework to realize multiaspects spatial control and overcome the “human and land” constraints, thus conservation easement is promising to achieve the management goal of conserving the ecological integrity while coordinating the livelihood of the local community by regulating land use. Taking Wuyishan National Park pilot as an example, this paper further demonstrated the realization of the spatial control with the use of spatial analysis, taking the forest ecosystem as the protection object, maintaining community dynamics and positive succession the protection goal and tea plantation the major livelihood. Results showed that under the constraints of terrain and biological factors, the tea orchard distributed in different spaces should be under targeted control. It can be concluded that this socialecologically analyzed spatial control of land use through conservation easement can tackle the complexity of land tenure and high dependency on natural resources and adjust to the fixed and continuous boundaries of functional zones. In this way, the community behaviors and conservation demand can be better matched for the realization of spatial control to coordinate the demands of stakeholders.

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何思源,苏杨,王大伟.以保护地役权实现国家公园多层面空间统一管控[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2020,22(4):61-69.(HE Siyuan, et al. Realization of Multifaceted Spatial Control of National Park Through Conservation Easement[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Philosophy and Socail Sciences),2020,22(4):61-69.(in Chinese))

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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-01-10
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