In the face of increasingly polluted rural areas, many pollution control measures are weak and less systematic. Taking the environmental pollution governance of villages in southern Anhui Province as an example, through continuous tracking research, the situation before and after pollution control is compared, in order to find the internal logic and control system of pollution control. In the process of developing rural economy under the guidance of the government, environmental pollution control produces external response system, but it is not sustainable and effective. The stable link between the local government’s environmental governance concept and the external response system needs to activate the internal support system and the interconnection system. At the same time, the traditional cultural forces, such as ancestral hall, clan, folk custom and village culture, play a pivotal role in the internal support system, interconnection system and external response system. In this way, rural environmental pollution control becomes a collective business of villagers, and villagers form the awareness of participating in public affairs. Through the infiltration, link, activation and stimulation of traditional culture, the endogenous path of effective governance of village environmental pollution is established.