Along with the double impact of global climate change and human highintensity activities, the conflict between supply and demand of primary resources such as water, energy and food has become increasingly serious. Since the bioenergy industry involves the matching relationship between water resources, energy and food resources, it will have an important impact on the country’s resource security, ecological security and economic security. CiteSpace is used to analyze 11392 literatures related to bioenergy in the Web of Science database.The mapping knowledge of bioenergy is drawn from the nation and institutional distribution to the keyword evolution and cocitation network keyword clustering. By combing the mismatch and dislocation phenomena between practice and scientific research of global bioenergy, three key bottlenecks restricting the development of China’s bioenergy are summarized. On this basis, the scientific research progress of technical bottlenecks at home and abroad is deeply analyzed. After combing and analyzing the key elements of the bioenergy industry, the inspiration of the development strategy of China’s bioenergy industry is finally obtained.