The centuryold evolution of the CPC inspection system can be divided into four periods, namely, the period of creation and exploration, the period of adjustment and disturbance, the period of repair and development, and the period of strategic arrangement. The promulgation of the Regulations on Inspection in 1928 marked the formal establishment of the inspection system of the CPC. After the outbreak of the allout War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the CPC inspection system was neither “suspended” nor “abolished invisibly”, but entered the stage of exploration and adjustment.After the founding of New China, a variety of political campaigns have been launched one after another, resulting in the emergence of movementstyle inspections. Although the Party’s inspection work during the “Cultural Revolution” was seriously affected, it did not interrupt and was still carried out sporadically. In the new period of reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China repaired and developed the inspection system, and the innerparty supervision became the main function of the inspection system in this period. The CPC’s inspection system in the new era has become a strategic institutional arrangement for innerparty supervision.On the whole, the CPC’s inspection system has achieved a double turn in the course of one hundred years, that is, the mode of inspection has changed from secret inspection to movement inspection, and then to institutional inspection. The patrol function turns from revolutionary mobilization to organizational leadership and then to innerparty supervision. The centuryold evolution of CPC’s inspection system is the result of multiple factors such as external pressure, internal thrust and subjective assistance.