With the continued strength of “the Belt and Road initiative”, the outbound investment of Chinese enterprises has seen explosive growth. Chinese enterprises’ overseas investment is closely related to environmental resources protection, and environmental risks inevitably affect Chinese enterprises’ investment. Meanwhile, based on the balance of interests between economic development and environmental protection, the host country will set up a series of environmental thresholds for Chinese enterprises. Chinese enterprises will face a variety of environmental risks in project access, project management and project withdrawal. In order to practice the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in foreign investment, Chinese enterprises should improve the environmental impact assessment system, develop the list of environmental obligations and build a diversified dispute settlement mechanism and other risk prevention measures, and make green investment on the basis of protecting the environment of host countries.