The state relations, the rise and fall of states and geopolitics in the maritime age, the promotion of social revolution by modern maritime practice, the construction of sea power and the development of modern navy in the process are the main contents of Marx and Engels’ view of maritime politics. Marx and Engels believed that oceans connect countries and enrich inter-state relations, oceans profoundly affect the rise and fall of countries, and ocean activities shape new geopolitics. The maritime economy continuously updates the social and economic forms by promoting the productive forces, and accelerates the formation of new classes and class relations in the process of capital-led social operation. The complex maritime economic relations also directly lead to new general social contradictions and provide conditions for the worldwide proletarian revolution. The modern transformation of maritime activities from exploration and piracy to maritime trade has brought about the need for sea power, and the ocean has expanded the boundaries of state power. However, the essence of sea power construction in the 19th century was often the formation of a hegemonic system, and the rule of law at sea was difficult to explore. The navy has historically become a symbol of a powerful country and a national guarantee of sea power. The political influence of the navy comes from the needs of maritime economic activities, and the operation of the navy is highly dependent on maritime economic activities. The maritime political thought of Marx and Engels has distinct revolutionary and epochal characteristics, and the laws of maritime politics revealed by Marx and Engels are an important guide for the construction of a powerful maritime country in the new era and the construction of a modern global maritime governance system and a maritime community with a shared future.