Using super efficiency data envelopment analysis including unexpected output (US-SBM) and entropy weight method, this paper measures the green economic efficiency and social equity performance of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2019. With the help of the coupling degree model of deviation coefficient and panel Tobit model, this paper explores the dynamic evolution law of their coupling degree from the provincial level, and expounds the coupling mechanism and driving mechanism. The results are as follows. The overall efficiency of the national green economy shows a downward trend first and then an upward trend, and has the characteristics of regional imbalance. The social equity performance level of provinces shows a steady upward trend over time, and the coupling degree of the two systems maintains a steady upward trend. The coefficient of variation of coupling degree in most provinces shows the law of first decreasing and then increasing, and the coefficient of variation of coupling degree in the eastern region is generally higher than that in other regions. The type evolution of the coupling degree of each province mainly maintains the evolution from the original type to the adjacent type. In the later stage of the observation period, nearly one third of the provinces are still in the coordinated development type below the primary level. In the discussion of driving factors, industrial structure, fiscal decentralization, scientific and technological innovation, opening to the outside world and environmental regulation aa have a significant positive impact on the two systems and their coupling degree, while urbanization rate has an inhibitory effect on the growth of coupling degree. And in the sub sample test, each factor has a stronger effect on the coupling degree in the eastern region.