After Marx encountered the “material interest problem” which mainly focused on the real relationship between people’s rationality and material interests and how to eliminate social poverty during Rheinische Zeitung, he successively opened the road of continuous solution to “material interest problem”, and this solution approach was generally hidden in his writings, including Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844, German Ideology,Das Kapital. The historical process of Marx’s continuous solution of “material interest problem” is advancing with the development in his thought with an overall hidden way, and the process of solving “material interest problem” also contains rich historical value. From the perspective of the development of Marx’s own thought, he has achieved ideological innovation and development in the historical process of continuously solving “material interest problem”, such as the dissolution of the idealistic rational state concept in world view field, the opening and deepening of political economy research in methodological dimension, and the clarification and confirmation of human liberation in the aspect of value ideal. From the view of the impact on future generations, Marx has constructed cognitions about social poverty and its solution in the historical process of continuous exploration of “material interest problem”. It can provide scientific guidance for the global poverty reduction cause, especially for the governance practice of China’s relative poverty in the post-poverty era.