Effective public participation in government performance evaluation has always been a difficult problem in the practice of government governance in China. As an important institutional practice in the construction of service-oriented government and the institutional system of the people’s status as masters of the country under the guidance of Chinese modernization, the operation of the “good and bad evaluation” system of government service has officially stepped into the track of standardization, normalization and long-term evaluation, and remarkable results have been achieved in some places. Based on the successful practice and exploration of “good and bad evaluation” system in some typical places, this paper aims to reveal the theoretical logic of government service evaluation to improve government administrative efficiency. It is found that the improvement of government administrative efficiency by government service evaluation is an institutional system logic that can be summarized as “Institution Absorption Evaluation”. The “good and bad evaluation” system consists of four layers: the institution design absorption layer based on the triple absorption of “institution absorption service”, “institution absorption subject” and “institution absorption technology”, the technology adaptation layer based on the mixed adaptation of administrative technology and information technology, the system integration interaction layer based on the dual track operation of good evaluation sub-system and bad evaluation sub-system, and the energy release feedback layer based on assessment incentive and initiative improvement achieving normative order. Under the dynamic operation of the four layers, government service evaluation releases the energy of normative order, and completes the continuous improvement of administrative efficiency under the feedback.