“Policy-countermeasure” and “production-ecology” are two fundamental relationships in rural environmental governance. Advancing rural ecological revitalization requires the alignment of the “policy” set by the higher-level government with the “countermeasure” taken by the lower-level government, and the integration of “production” with “ecology” in regional development. Based on these two fundamental relationships and drawing on Weber’s ideal type theory, this article summarizes four practical types of rural environmental governance in China and explains the dynamic evolution of environmental governance. This model indicates that from a historical perspective, China’s rural environmental governance has generally moved from the “production-production” type to the “ecology-ecology” type, but in specific regions, there is still a risk of backsliding. Based on this explanatory model, taking the rural environmental governance of City A in Northeast China as a case study, the analysis finds that the endogenous dilemma between regional development and environmental governance at the policy level, and the diversified resource dilemma at the countermeasure level, have compelled City A to choose between “production” and “ecology”, resulting in a regression to the “production-production” type of rural environmental governance. This “production-oriented” approach reflects the “unconscious agreement” between villagers and the government and has become the main obstacle to current rural environmental governance. The key to overcoming this dilemma lies in rationally guiding this “unconscious agreement” towards the “conscious agreement” that leans towards the “ecological side,” thereby cultivating a “consciousness of ecological benefits” and achieving sound rural environmental governance.