Establishing a national park system and improving the governance system of nature reserves are important components of the construction of ecological civilization in the new era. The establishment, construction and operation of national parks are closely related to the production and life of park communities.The economic development of park communities is inseparable from the resources in national parks, and the operation, management and protection of parks are inseparable from community activities. The establishment and operation of the Three-River-Source National Parkhave effectively coordinated the protection of natural ecology and the development and utilization of resources. The new system also faces the challenges of protection and development, human-animal conflicts, and resistance from local protectionism. If these relations cannot be coordinated scientifically and rationally, it will not only affect the effectiveness of the ecological environment protection of the national park, but also restrict the development of the park community, and even cause and accumulate more social conflicts. In order to effectively deal with these problems, coordinate the relationship between protected areas and communities, and improve the comprehensiveness of the national park system, it is necessary to take the road of Chinese-style ecological modernization,continuously optimize the park community governance system from five aspects including national park operation, public management, co-governance mechanism, infrastructure and security insurance, and promote the sustainable development of protected areas and communities. Comprehensively,to optimize the national park system and its community governance system, it is necessary to proceed from two paths: top-level design and grass-roots institutional practice. On the one hand, a balanced model of “ecological modernization” can be constructed from the top-level institutional design, and on the other hand, a balanced model of “subsidy compensation + guarantee insurance” can be extracted from the practice of the multi-level system.