The construction of a beautiful China is a significant practice of implementing Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization ideology, which has contemporary significance. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization ideology, the construction of a beautiful China has taken significant steps and made significant original contributions. The construction of a beautiful China is an important goal of building a socialist modernized strong country, ushering in a new era of socialist ecological civilization, laying a solid ecological foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and creating a new picture of a socialist modernized strong country. Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization ideology coordinates the overall construction of a beautiful China with the worldview and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, proposing and practicing the dialectical materialist natural view of “human and nature are a community of life”. Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization ideology deepens the theoretical foundation of the construction of a beautiful China, upholding and developing the materialist historical view of “ecological prosperity leads to civilized prosperity”, and stimulating the historical initiative spirit of the construction of a beautiful China. And Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization ideology innovates and applies the Marxist methodology of “systematic governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, sand, and ice”, and achieves significant results in promoting the construction of a beautiful China with a systematic concept, opening up a new modern realm of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Following the ecological values, ecological productivity, ecological livelihood, and green development concepts contained in Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization ideology, we have opened up the ecological value transformation channel for the construction of the “two mountains” of a beautiful China, expanded the practical space for productivity in the construction of a beautiful China, demonstrated the value stance of putting people first, stimulated new momentum for the construction of a beautiful China, and expanded the new space for green, low-carbon, and high-quality development. It fully demonstrates the theoretical charm and practical power of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought.