The new quality productive forces have the basic connotation of the leap in the combination of workers, means of labor, objects of labor and their optimization, and the realization of the common prosperity for all people as the basic value pursuit. To empower new quality productive forces through comprehensively deepening reform, we can start from four dimensions of workers, labor materials, labor objects, and value orientation. Firstly, we should promote the integrated reform of the education, technology and human resources system and mechanism to enhance the quality of workers, deepen the comprehensive reform of education to enhance the ideological and moral qualities of workers, deepen the reform of the science and technology system and mechanism to enhance the innovation and creativity of workers, and deepen the reform of the system and mechanism for the development of human resources to enhance the spirit of striving for excellence among workers. Secondly, we should enhance the technological content of labor materials by improving the institutional mechanism for high-quality economic development, and enhance the originality, high-end and forward-looking technological content of labor materials by deepening the reform of the science and technology system, improving the new type of national lifting system and perfecting the modern industrial system. Thirdly, we should expand the scope and field of labor objects by constructing a system and mechanism to support comprehensive innovation, and improve the scope and field of labor objects through the innovative enterprise-led system of deep integration of industry, academia and research, the system of property rights for innovative elements and the organizational and management structure of innovative enterprises. Fourthly, we are promoting the realization of common prosperity by building a high-level socialist market economic system, building a firm institutional foundation for the realization of common prosperity by adhering to the “two unwavering commitments”, deepening the reform of the distribution system, improving the institutional safeguards for the realization of common prosperity, and strengthening the institutional advantages for the realization of common prosperity by improving the macroeconomic governance system. This is the natural path and the requirement of the times to promote the new development of Chinese-style modernization by empowering the shaping of new-quality productive forces through comprehensively deepening reform in the new era.