Marxist practical existentialism is not only an affirmation of the significance and needs of the individual existence of real people, but also an identification of the significance and needs of the social and historical existence of people. Emphasizing the dialectical unity of the two aspects is precisely its prominent theoretical trait. Focusing on the social existence and development of human beings, practical existentialism provides a philosophical basis for the establishment of an intrinsically unified and more explanatory theoretical framework for the ontology and value research of ideological and political education in the new era through the integration of “the social philosophy paradigm ”and “the humanistic paradigm”, and provides a new theoretical horizon for the research paradigm of ideological and political education, which is conducive to promoting the integration of the existing “the social philosophy paradigm ”and “the humanistic paradigm”, thereby overcoming the limitations of insufficient explanatory power and lack of leadership caused by the single theory. Based on the theory of practical existentialism, we rethink and reinterpret how and why ideological and political education exists, and urge the research paradigm of basic issues such as the ontological existence, value orientation, and functional positioning of ideological and political education to move towards the integration of social philosophy paradigm and the humanistic paradigm, so as to solve the theoretical and practical problems of ideological and political education under the limitations of traditional research paradigms, promote the two-way interaction between the theory and practice of ideological and political education, achieve the dialectical unity of individual value and social value, and realize the organic integration of political and spiritual functions. Through bidirectional relational thinking, returning to the perceptual practice of human existence and development, and clarifying the metaphysical implications of ideological and political education to construct a spiritual home, the practical existentialism shift of the research paradigm of ideological and political education in the new era will fully demonstrate its theoretical value and practical significance.