Based on the theory of autonomy, this paper explores the possibility of family autonomy in the aging society. The aging society is not a single social form, and population structure, social structure, economic and technical structure transformation make the governance of the aging society present complex characteristics. The modern production and living order have accelerated the separation of individuals and families, forming individualized labor and “empty nest” social life. Families are becoming increasingly small, and the ethical dilemma of filial piety and difficult upbringing has become a difficult problem for individuals and families. But it is precisely this tension that has also given birth to opportunities for the resurgence of family autonomy. Through strategies of non-equilibrium autonomy, anxious autonomy, and protective autonomy, families actively explore intergenerational balance between work and family, scientific parenting, and maintain relative independence under the aging of families, demonstrating the possibility and implementation path of the rise of family autonomy in an aging society. As a social organizational model, family autonomy demonstrates its unique significance in the governance of the aging society, and it is a social force that works together with individuals, demands power from the market and cooperates with the state. Family autonomy conforms to the law of population and economic development of the aging society in China, meets the individual’s ontological security and emotional needs in the aging society, and is an indispensable and important social organizational form in the governance of the aging society and building a fertility friendly society. However, family autonomy is not easy to achieve. It also requires individuals to uphold family ethics, the market respects the boundaries of family life, and the state protects family culture which can create space for the development of family autonomy.