At present, China continues to increase its support for childcare services, and significantly reduces the burden of family fertility education by building a universal childcare service system, improving universal childcare support policies, and increasing the supply of universal childcare services. The guarantee of the rule of law is an important support for ensuring the high-quality development of childcare services, as well as an essential element for practicing the construction of people’s livelihood rule of law and an effective measure to adapt to the current population development trend. Building a comprehensive legal guarantee system for childcare services can not only alleviate parenting pressure and balance the relationship between family and work, but also help ensure that childcare services are stable and far-reaching on the track of legalization. At present, in the process of building a legal guarantee system for childcare services in China, we are facing problems such as the failure to integrate the concept of safeguarding children’s interests and parents’ work rights into legislation, the lack of effective regulation of key issues through special systems, the absence of a mechanism for multi-party collaboration and cooperation, and the lack of specialized legislation for childcare services. This requires the legislative system for childcare services to follow the principles of government leadership, collaborative cooperation, convenience and accessibility, and to integrate the concepts of safeguarding children’s rights, family friendliness, and common prosperity into the childcare industry. In the future, a childcare service system should be established with basic legislation as the main focus, supplemented by supporting regulations, local legislation, and industry standards. The system should clarify the composition of childcare service guarantee objects, supply projects, and fund raising, and refine specific rule designs. It should also promote the orderly connection between maternity insurance, tax incentives, maternity allowance systems, and childcare service laws. At the same time, the government should fully leverage its leading role and establish a multi-party collaborative mechanism, adopt an integrated childcare service supply model, and establish a guarantee mechanism that matches the financial and administrative power of the central and local governments in the childcare service field.