Common prosperity in spiritual life is a crucial facet of common prosperity, referring to the universal prosperity and comprehensive fulfillment of the entire population in their spiritual lives. Common prosperity in spiritual life not only signifies that individuals obtain robust public cultural resource guarantees and relatively equitable opportunities in their pursuit of cultural experience, aesthetic interests, self-worth, scientific knowledge, and collective identity but also reflects society’s capacity to provide abundant spiritual and cultural nourishment, catering to the people’s diverse and multi-tiered spiritual and cultural needs. The theoretical development of common prosperity in spiritual life originates from the concrete manifestations of excellent traditional Chinese culture, the theoretical articulation of spiritual richness by classical Marxist authors, the practical summaries of Chinese Communists, and the important discourses of General Secretary Xi Jinping on common prosperity in spiritual life. In practice, the advancement of common prosperity in spiritual life confronts realistic challenges such as the impact of individualistic ideological trends, the pervasiveness of fetishism, imbalanced regional development, and insufficient cultural supply, involving practical obstacles in multiple domains including ideology, economy, and culture. Therefore, to achieve common prosperity in spiritual life, it is imperative to establish a people-centered development philosophy, deeply popularize socialist core values, carry forward excellent traditional Chinese culture, promote equalized regional cultural development, and coordinate the advancement of material and spiritual civilization. To accomplish the far-reaching goal of common prosperity in spiritual life, the concerted efforts of the entire society are required to cultivate a favorable social environment and cultural atmosphere. Every citizen should develop a correct outlook on life, values, and the world, actively participate in cultural experience, and enhance self-cultivation. Simultaneously, the government and all sectors of society should increase investment in public cultural undertakings and improve the public cultural service system, enabling the public to enjoy high-quality spiritual and cultural products and services more conveniently and equitably.