Public culture service policies serve as the institutional basis for the government to build a public cultural service system and are an important foundation for safeguarding citizens’ cultural rights and promoting the high-quality development of public cultural services. From the perspective of the new development concept, a three-dimensional analytical framework for public culture service policies based on “goal-tool-value chain” is constructed. Quantitative analysis is conducted on 46 policy documents at the national level. The orientation, characteristics, patterns, and deficiencies of public culture service policies are revealed from aspects such as clarifying policy goals, balancing policy tools, and coordinating policy subjects. The results show that public culture service policies at the national level configure compound policy tools to match diverse value chains, thereby achieving concrete policy goals. Existing policies prefer environmental tools as the main type, with supply and demand tools as supplementary, promoting the innovative and coordinated development of public cultural services. The policy value chains are mostly set as government responsibility types, focusing on the public welfare and equality of public cultural services. Overall, the existing public cultural service policies tend to follow the new development trend but with uneven attention, manifested as insufficient attention to open, green, and shared policy goals. The policy tools are diverse in form but unbalanced in distribution structure, manifested as decoupling and imbalance in internal links. The value chains involve a wide range of subjects but lack coordinated and comprehensive planning, manifested as poor collaboration mechanisms among multiple subjects in public cultural services. Therefore, improvements should be made in three dimensions: implementing the new development concept to eliminate policy goal deviations, rationally applying compound policy instruments to optimize the policy development environment, and promoting multi-subject collaboration to reshape the resilience of the governance structure, providing policy support for enhancing the effectiveness of public cultural services in the new era.