Grassroots governance is the cornerstone of national governance, with grassroots governments acting as the main body of grassroots governance. Therefore, the governance capacity of grassroots governments is directly related to the effectiveness of grassroots governance. The inadequacy of the governance capacity of grassroots governments is not a specific issue but a multifaceted challenge arising from structural and procedural factors within grassroots governance practices. In reality, the governance capacity of grassroots governments manifests through government structures and administrative processes, where pre-established block structures and governance structures serve as the operational conditions for grassroots governments to fulfill governance responsibilities. The governance capacity of grassroots governments plays a role in this structure and the relationship between “structure” and “process” is interdependent and interactive. From the perspective of “structure-process”, this paper explores the causes for the inadequacy of governance capacity of grassroots government, which can be summarized as structural rigidity and process alienation, that is, the rigidity of vertical structure, block structure, and political and social structure leads to the phenomenon of “compliance” “multiplicity”, and “bias” in grassroots government governance. It leads to the imbalance of rights and responsibilities, excessive governance burden, and social governance virtualization for grassroots government governance. This paper further seeks effective ways to enhance the governance capacity of grassroots governments through “structural optimization” and “process repair”. On the one hand, we can soften the rigidity of goals with “responsibilities” and optimize the governance structure of grassroots governments to meet the practical needs of grassroots governance, laying the foundation for process repair. On the other hand, we can use “technology” to repair the operational mechanism and enhance the governance efficiency of grassroots governments, that is, through the joint intervention of administrative technology, governance technology, and digital technology to achieve an overall leap in the governance capacity of grassroots governments.