As emerging technologies become the primary fields of great power competition, technological hegemony has surged in recent years. Technological hegemony links technological innovation and capabilities directly to national security, economic development, and social stability. It manifests through incumbent technological powers employing suppression and containment to hinder competitors, exemplifying hegemony in the technological realm. Technology has transformed international politics, with the rise of technological hegemony closely tied to the rapid shift of the global economic and geopolitical center from the West to the East, the economic and technological growth of emerging market countries, and the transition of the international power system from unipolar hegemony to multipolarity or even apolar governance. This shift is further connected to the resurgence of political populism and economic nationalism. Global trade and economic policies are increasingly permeated by security considerations, while national security concerns are being progressively “economized”. In this context, technological hegemony presents the “deep versus broad dilemma” for technology enterprises from developing countries attempting to go global. It also subjects global technological exchange and cooperation to heightened scrutiny, fundamentally impacting technological development and flow. Technological hegemony undermines the effectiveness of international governance in the technological domain, resulting in the inequitable distribution of global technological resources, the continued widening of the North-South development gap, and the obstruction of sustainable global economic development. Countries should strengthen cooperation and consensus to oppose technological hegemonism and jointly confront technological challenges.