As a social development theory that transcends the capitalist mode of production and traditional industrial development models while guiding a new form of human civilization, Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization embodies the attributes and dimensions of social productive forces. From the perspective of the rich connotations of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, the “Two Mountains” theory on the dialectical relationship between economic-social development and ecological environmental protection reflects the objectivity of natural forces, the source of social productive forces in natural forces, and the scientific transformation of natural forces into social productive forces; the theory of ecological livelihood, which addresses the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature, the people’s growing needs for a better life, and the construction of a natural resources property rights system, demonstrates how Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization transcends alienated forms of social productive forces, systematically reflecting upon and moving beyond the anti-ecological, livelihood-disregarding, and illegal nature of “capitalist productive forces”; the new development philosophy’s theoretical construction of a green development model embodies the return of social productive forces from an alienated state to its essence, or in other words, the promotion of developing new quality productive forces. Therefore, Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization not only represents a scientific understanding of the relationship between humans and nature but also serves as a theory for the sustainable development of civilized society; it is not only a scientific understanding of social productive forces but also a theory for building a new form of human civilization; and it not only develops Marxist ecological thought but also deepens the Marxist theory of social productive forces.