The development of digital industrial clusters enhances the efficiency of innovation and production skill accumulation, thereby increasing the returns to specialized operation. Furthermore, it improves the allocation efficiency of technology transaction markets and digital platforms, reducing the costs associated with ecological collaboration. This deepens the specialized division of labor in enterprise innovation and production activities while strengthening the continuity of enterprise employment decisions. Grounded in the division of labor theory from neoclassical economics and the innovation evolution theory of digital industrial clusters, this paper constructs a theoretical framework analyzing the impact of digital industrial clusters on employment stability from the perspectives of the innovation chain and the industrial chain. Empirical analysis is conducted using matched data from listed companies and cities from 2006 to 2021. The findings are as follows. First, digital industrial clusters increase the degree of specialization in innovation and production, contributing to employment-stabilizing effects. Second, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that at the enterprise level, the employment-stabilizing effect of digital industrial clusters is weaker for firms located on the periphery of production networks; at the industry level, the effect is less pronounced for traditional industries; and at the city level, the employment-stabilizing effect on employment scale is insufficient in cities situated on the periphery of innovation ecosystems. Third, enhancing the proportion of regional producer services, strengthening government-led digital supervision, and intensifying talent attraction policies can effectively optimize the employment-stabilizing effects of digital industrial clusters.