The new information infrastructure has been widely regarded as a key support for the integrated development of industrial digital intelligence and greening. However, due to its high energy consumption during construction and operation, it may pose a potential constraint on industrial green transformation. Based on the panel data of 41 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2012 to 2022, this paper uses the two-way fixed effect spatial Dubin model to empirically explore the impact and mechanism of the new information infrastructure on industrial green transformation from a nonlinear perspective. The findings are as follows. First, the construction of the new information infrastructure has a significant inverted U-shaped effect on industrial green transformation. Cities with high-density data centers, such as Shanghai and Hangzhou, have already crossed the inflection point, and the effect has gradually changed from promotion to inhibition. Second, the non-linear impact of new information infrastructure construction on industrial green transformation has a spatial spillover effect. Local new information infrastructure construction exerts an inverted U-shaped influence—first promoting and later inhibiting—on the industrial green transformation of geographically adjacent or economically similar cities. Third, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promoting effect of new information infrastructure construction on industrial green transformation is stronger in cities with a relatively weak digital economy foundation, and cities with high industrial competitiveness are more effective than those with low industrial competitiveness in leveraging new information infrastructure construction to drive industrial green transformation. Based on these findings, policy implications are proposed, including building a high-level green information infrastructure system, enhancing the regional integration application efficiency and green driving force of new information infrastructure, and tailoring the pace and intensity of new information infrastructure development to local conditions.