The familialization of social policy from the perspective of the Chinese modernization is a core expression of civilizational self-awareness: it reflects on the inherent limitations of the Western welfare paradigm structured around the binary of the “individual” and “society”, reconstructs an indigenous social policy paradigm, and advances the independent construction of the Chinese social policy system. Theoretically, Western civilization takes public-sphere centrism as its civilizational presupposition, placing the family at the margins of theoretical and policy vision. As a result, family functions have been systematically obscured, ultimately giving rise to a modernity predicament in which high levels of welfare provision are intertwined with social atomization and heightened individual loneliness. By contrast, Chinese civilization is rooted in a profound tradition of “philosophy of family”, which regards the family as the basic mode of human existence and the meta-model for understanding social relations. This provides a distinctive ontological foundation for the construction of the social policy system, and a clear civilizational foundation for innovation in an independent knowledge construction. In practical terms, current social policy practice faces multiple structural imbalances: the dual compression of family development space by individualized calculation and overreaching socialization, the targeting bias caused by individual-centered needs identification, and the mismatch in service provision resulting from fractured life-course support, which together produce an individualization paradox: the more individuals are protected, the more families become estranged. To overcome this predicament, it is necessary to systematically advance the familialization in social policy and accelerate the construction of a new analytical framework and practical paradigm characterized by three-dimensional coordination among individuals, families, and society/state. Through conceptual reorientation, social policy should establish the core principle of “safeguarding and empowering the family”; through institutional innovation, it should improve the two-step needs assessment mechanism and the life-course policy support system; and through collaborative governance, it should strengthen a three-in-one safeguard mechanism integrating evaluation, coordination, and culture, thereby consolidating the micro-foundations of social functioning.