The market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements is of great significance for resource conservation and environmental protection, and a sound governance system can effectively improve the market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements. Previous studies have focused on analyzing the problems in the market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements, but lack a summary of governance experience. Ninety-four reports from media such as the People’s Daily and the Guangming Daily are selected as research samples, and the governance experience of market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements is extracted using the grounded theory method. The results indicate that the governance experience of market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements consists of five parts: strategic goal guidance, institutional system construction, market operation management, technology and talent empowerment, and governance effectiveness evaluation, forming a dynamic governance loop. Among them, strategic goals lead the direction of market-oriented allocation and governance of resource and environmental elements, providing top-level guidance for the entire system. The institutional system construction focuses on the design of basic rules such as property rights, quotas, and supervision, laying the foundation for the markets of resource and environmental elements. Market operation management involves multiple aspects such as transaction design, financial innovation, and collaborative networks, promoting efficient flow of price discovery and resource and environmental elements. Technology and talent empowerment relies on infrastructure, technical standards, and professional talent cultivation to provide market support for resource and environmental elements, ensuring the implementation of rules and market operation efficiency. The evaluation of governance effectiveness measures the effectiveness of market-oriented allocation of resource and environmental elements from the aspect of environment, economy, and system, and provides feedback on the evaluation results to drive continuous optimization of the governance system. In the future, it is necessary to further improve the governance path of regional differentiation, promote effective coordination between marketization and administrative means, and deepen financial innovation to activate the market vitality of capital efficiency and resource and environmental elements.