Xi Jinping Thought on Party building serves as the guide for rural Party building in the new era,Rural development and governance serve as crucial pillars in advancing the rural revitalization strategy, achieving integrated urban-rural development, and modernizing national governance capabilities. Since the reform and opening-up, rural development has gradually diverged, and profound changes have occurred in the external social environment and resource base of Party building work. Traditional work models struggle to effectively adapt to the increasingly diverse realities of development and governance needs. Faced with new challenges posed by the complex functions of rural Party building and structural changes in grassroots society, a two-dimensional analytical framework based on “rural development level” and “Party organization capacity” is constructed. Based on the classification of rural Party building types into leading development type, suspended and loose type, administrative mobilization type, and hollow and involution type, the characteristics, causes, and typical cases of each type are systematically explored. The morphological differences in rural grassroots Party building are not a random, accidental phenomenon, but rather the result of a bidirectional mutual construction between specific village-level social development foundations and the action capabilities of Party organizations within a specific temporal and spatial field. Through in-depth analysis of the four types of rural Party building, and based on the goal of effectively exerting the functions of rural grassroots Party organizations, differentiated governance strategies such as standardized demonstration, embedded reshaping, endogenous empowerment, and structural reconstruction are proposed, aiming to achieve precise matching between grassroots Party organization construction and rural development governance. The typological analysis of rural Party building not only provides theoretical supplements to previous holistic research orientations but also offers insights into rural Party building practices in the new era.